Qualificação do trabalhador: conceitos e perspectivas em debate

Abstract

This research has the objective of analyze the worker qualification starting the point of view of the economic literature and others fields of knowledge, like the education and the labor sociology, as well as everyday perspective of the workers. The concepts of qualification itself and how it relates to technologies, mainly the new ones, of microelectronics basis will be discussed. It starts from the premise that it’s important understand which are the concepts of qualification adopted by the theories to elect that one most meets the observable reality of the workers and, with that, to have a more appropriate vision of the labor market and the circumstances proportioned by the technical progress and the insertion of new technologies on labor environments. To reach the objective of this study, it was necessary, in a first moment, to recover the history of the labor organization and its relationship with the technologies, with emphasis on the process of transition of the knowledge control from the hands of the worker to the employer, owner of the capital. Then it’s presented the debate about the conceptualization of labor qualification inside the Marxist and the Neoclassical economics perspective. After, it discourses about the qualification requirements that was taken in Brazil after the productive restructuring and the concept of qualification from the vision of the worker, having as basis the results got from important investigators, that performed direct interviews with workers from some manufacturing sectors. Some notes obtained by intreviews realized with professionals from union area and human resources are summed with those informations. Finally, we realize that the versatility required to the workers to use the new technologies doesn’t mean better qualification. And we infer that the workers, in general, dissociate the notion of qualification from the control of the process of production. It occurs because the capital only recognizes the worker’s qualifications when it considers them important to increase productivity, it does that workers nowadays rate themselves as qualified only when they consider that their abilities turn them “employable” for this capital