A desapropriação e a reapropriação da consciência no pensamento de Paul Ricoeur: uma leitura a partir da obra Da interpretação: ensaio sobre Freud

Abstract

This present work intends to reflect the issues of disappropriation and reappropriation of consciousness from Ricoeur’s work Freud and Philosophy: An Essay on Interpretation. Questioning the cogito's position as first truth and then entering the criticism by Freud's theories, from the interpretation of Ricoeur, it seeks to reflect the issue of disappropriation of the subject as a source of reflection, its consequences and the possibilities of its reappropriation. Broaching such issues from the philosophical methodology and hermeneutics of suspicion, this research is justified by the attempt to think the subject of reflection and the philosophy from Ricoeur’s interpretation after suspicion posed by Freud's theories. Ricoeur, contrasting reflection as immediate intuition, reflects about the reality of the unconscious in order to show that the subject is not what ‘it think it is’. Once broached the issue of unconscious reality, the subject is “disappropriated” of his immediate consciousness meaning that, even before the reflection, there is the position of desire, a certain archeology. However, Ricoeur points out that, in addition to an “arché”, it is also possible to see that the subject has a “telos”, a teleology. Thus, the subject after the Freudian suspicion appears geared for both the position of desire, the archeology, as to an end, the teleology, with one dispossession both for the past and for the future. It is carefully examined on this double disappropriation that the subject is revealed disproportionate, having no coincidence himself with himself, since it is limited both in understanding its origin and in understanding its end. It is precisely reflecting about the disproportion that one realizes that the subject cannot reappropriate himself, turning to its own ego, in order to not be deceived by the distortions arising from the unconscious, but it is necessary to move towards the works and monuments of culture that say of himself. It is through the mediation of objective structures that the subject even being disproportionate can go reappropriating himself. Therefore, the symbols of culture, because of their objectivity, become a mean for the subject to go reappropriating himself and becoming conscious. They engender in a unit which is disproportionate in the subject. So that interpreting the symbols the subject can go reappropriating himself and changing his action in the world. Analyzing the tragedy of ‘Oedipus the King’ and the way reflected about the subject throughout this research, it could be presented more clearly that it is possible to think of reappropriation even after the disappropriation. At the end of the research, it can be affirmed that the subject, even after disappropriated as the source of reflection and revealing himself disproportionate, can reappropriate himself and go becoming conscious