Multidão: uma reflexão sobre participação social, política e afeto

Abstract

The crowd phenomenon has configured himself as the first object of study in social psychology, seen by pioneers as irrational, massifying and disturbing the social order, a concept that influenced a generation of researchers who began to play it and thus to justify repressive actions against them. As society was changing, due to the changes in the means of production, forms of collective action have also been altering and consequently emerging new theories explaining this reality, covering different areas of the humanities. Since 2011, a new form of mobilization of protests has been going around the world, largely by action of social networks. In Brazil, this phenomenon became visible in 2013, when a sequence of acts against the tariff increase in São Paulo won the majority of population (mostly young) support, forcing the media to change the way portrayed the protests going vandals of the peaceful protesters, featuring violent action as restricted to small groups deserving of police repression. The media has not just supported, but collaborate with the convocation of the protesters. The movement spread throughout the country gaining diffuse agendas and revealing a class struggle. Between the balance shown not only the withdrawal of the fare increase in several cities, but also changes in government agenda and the right of conscience to protest, unfolding in different movements representing different interests, culminating in the formation of two large groups, defense and against the impeachment of the country's president. Several analysts have retaking the idea of crowd as a politicians subject to explain these movements, in Brazil, the debate in psychology focuses on equivalence between social movements and crowd, with reference to the pioneers of this reflection: Freud and Le Bon, and Furthermore, the contemporary thinkers Negri and Hardt, who are inspired by Spinoza. To collaborate with this debate, this research seeks to understand the motives and emotions that led to participation people with different ideological affiliations in the demonstrations of June 2013 and / or its consequences. The theoretical and methodological assumptions underlying this research are in Vygotsky's Psychology in the design of Marx's society and in Spinoza's political ontology, putting his philosophical ideas of common and multitudo at the center of reflection. The results of this study point to the positivity of the crowd and relevance of this concept, in Spinoza's perspective. The experience of the movements generated in the subjects of this research pleasure, increased critical awareness, even in diffuse directions, feeling the importance of the collective, the increasing political power of each, and according to its uniqueness. Everyone feels that the collective is an important instrument of transformation. Anyway bounce off the design of the crowd as irrational, massificadora and disturbing social order and I common sense is key, thus indicating a field of research and action to Social Psychology