A ascensão da economia compartilhada: o Airbnb e seus impactos socioeconômicos

Abstract

The Sharing Economy has been expanding globally as a new form of organizing production, consumption, and the use of assets, with significant consequences for the economic and urban structure of cities. This monograph critically analyzes the socioeconomic impacts of Airbnb, a representative platform of this model, focusing on the transformations it generates in the hospitality sector and the real estate market. The objective is to understand how the logic of digital platforms affects urban dynamics, economic relations, and urban policies, particularly within the Brazilian context. The methodology is qualitative and exploratory, supported by bibliographic review and secondary data analysis. The theoretical framework is based on the concepts of sharing economy, peer-to-peer economy, transaction cost theory, and creative destruction. The results indicate that Airbnb may enhance resource allocation efficiency and stimulate alternative tourism, while also contributing to real estate appreciation, displacement of residents, and regulatory conflicts. The platform's operations challenge existing legislation and reinforce the need for new regulatory frameworks that account for the territorial effects of economic digitalization. The study discusses future scenarios for the model, highlighting the emergence of cooperative platforms, the role of new technologies, and other challenges. It concludes that the model represented by Airbnb brings significant innovations, although its impacts are ambivalent and demand coordinated institutional responses that take into account the social, economic, and spatial specificities of cities.