O estado democrático social de direito em face do princípio da igualdade e as ações afirmativas

Abstract

The modern national State had its conditional evolution for the peculiar development of the productive forces and the social relations of production globally articulated in the scope of a world-wide market in continuous expansion. In the condition of super structural element its legal evolution and politics knew multiple faces (national-absolutist State; liberalindividualist; liberal-democratic; social; bureaucratic; social of right; neoliberal) corresponding to the necessary adaptations of the institutional plan to the deriving demands of the economic infrastructure in permanent transmutation. Evolution that forced a gradual magnifying of the process of democratization of the institutions and claims of equality nature as estimated of its legitimation politics. The Democratic Social State of Right that emerged 2a. after World-wide War was what better it conciliated economic development with legitimation social politics and - of that the jurisdictional and doctrinal experience of the German Constitution of Bonn (1949) and of the Portuguese Constitution of 1976 was expression decurrent that they had influenced the Letter of 1988. This, in spite of the structural limitations that condition the politically emancipatories forms legal and in a country of the periphery in the way of capitalist production, propitiated advances notables to the segments most fragile of the national society. These advances had elapsed of the entailing of being able them state to the public politics guided for the reduction of all the inequality forms - leading constitutionalism . Practical equalities, as manifestation of a justice politics by means of which if it inhales to legitimize one given conception of stability, had been a constant since the formation of polishes Greek. In the seminal thought of Plato and Aristotle some parameters meet general of what we characterize as a normative theory of justice (politics) as equality . Such elements emerge with great force in the bulge modern jusphilosophic thought, in special next to the contractualist tradition - epistemic center of what it became known for constitutionalism . In it, presence of the principle of the equality is identified to it as one of the nuclear elements of the modern dogmatic of the basic rights, in the contribution of authors as Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau and Kant. To hard the critical one raised against certain aspects of its formularizations for the marxist tradition, a vigorous one retaken of this tradition in the second half of century XX for John Rawls was followed. Its theory of justice as equity, retakes in a superior level of consideration the formularizations of the classic contractualists, supplying to supplemental elements the understanding and recital of new modalities of state intervention, in the form of public politics frequently called by affirmative actions . These if had revealed of more incisive form in the interior of the North American society, as unfolding of the ample movement for the defense of the civil laws and the recognition for practical the Judiciary Power of the unconstitutionality of institutional of segregationist character. But the equal protection of law left clear its insufficience in relation to the correction of practical decurrent distortions of past, demanding equality through the law . It was transited of the formal equality (isonomy) for substantial the material equality (equality of chances). The Constitution of 1988 received the principle of the equality in its double meaning, and by means of it authorizes and it requires the promotion of based public politics in affirmative actions. Admitted its constitutionality in general , it is argued delimitation of its reach and the legal-normative parameters for its judicial appreciation and the recital and inter subjective verification of the mechanisms adjusted for its control - in the scope of the substantial principle of due process of law and under the perspective of specific normative structures, called here for normative postulates of application